# Function to construct array b based on a
def construct_array(n, a):
b = [0] * n
b[0] = 0
for i in range(1, n – 1):
b[i] = a[i – 1] ^ b[i – 1]
all_elements = set(range(n))
used_elements = set(b)
missing_element = list(all_elements – used_elements)
b[n – 1] = a[n – 2] ^ missing_element[0]
return b
# Read input
n = int(input())
a = list(map(int, input().split()))
# Construct array b
result = construct_array(n, a)
print(*result)
solution
# Function to construct array b based on a
def construct_array(n, a):
b = [0] * n
b[0] = 0
for i in range(1, n – 1):
b[i] = a[i – 1] ^ b[i – 1]
all_elements = set(range(n))
used_elements = set(b)
missing_element = list(all_elements – used_elements)
b[n – 1] = a[n – 2] ^ missing_element[0]
return b
# Read input
n = int(input())
a = list(map(int, input().split()))
# Construct array b
result = construct_array(n, a)
print(*result)